Tirzepatide

Most common during dose escalation, typically resolves within 1–2 weeks as the body adapts. Occurs in 25–30% of users at higher doses. Manage by eating smaller, frequent meals; avoiding fatty or greasy foods; and staying hydrated. If severe, inform your healthcare provider.

Occurs in 5–10% of users, usually during dose escalation. If vomiting persists beyond 48 hours or prevents adequate hydration, seek medical attention. May require temporary dose reduction or slower titration.

Reported in 20–25% of users, often during the first 2–4 weeks. Usually self-resolving. Manage with adequate hydration and dietary fibre. Avoid high-fat foods, which may worsen symptoms.

Occurs in 5–15% of users, particularly after nausea resolves. Manage with increased water intake, dietary fibre, and light physical activity. Stool softeners may be used if needed.

Reported in 5–10% of users, usually mild and transient. Related to slowed gastric emptying. Manage by eating smaller meals and avoiding high-fat foods. Persistent or severe pain warrants medical evaluation.

This is the intended pharmacological effect. Ensure adequate protein and micronutrient intake despite reduced appetite to prevent malnutrition. Monitor weight loss and adjust caloric intake as needed.

Occurs in 1–5% of users. Manage by rotating injection sites, using proper injection technique, and allowing the solution to reach room temperature before injection. Bruising typically resolves within 1–2 weeks.

Reported in 5–10% of users, often during dose escalation. Usually self-resolving. Ensure adequate hydration and rest.

Reported in 3–8% of users, often related to rapid weight loss or caloric deficit. Ensure adequate sleep, nutrition, and hydration. Inform your healthcare provider if fatigue persists.

Risk is increased when tirzepatide is combined with insulin or other glucose-lowering medications. Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and rapid heartbeat. If you experience these symptoms, consume 15g of fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., glucose tablets, juice) and seek medical attention. Inform your healthcare provider immediately — medication doses may need adjustment.

Rare but serious adverse effect reported with GLP-1 agonists. Symptoms include severe upper abdominal pain, back pain, nausea, and vomiting. Seek emergency medical attention immediately if you experience these symptoms. Tirzepatide is contraindicated in patients with a history of pancreatitis.

Rapid weight loss increases the risk of gallstone formation. Symptoms include right upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Seek medical evaluation if you experience these symptoms. Inform your healthcare provider of any history of gallbladder disease.

GLP-1 and GIP agonists are contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2). Animal studies have shown C-cell proliferation with GLP-1 agonists. Do not use tirzepatide if you have MTC or MEN2 history.

Rapid improvement in blood glucose control may temporarily worsen diabetic retinopathy in patients with pre-existing retinopathy. Inform your eye care provider that you are starting tirzepatide. Regular eye examinations are recommended.

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea can lead to dehydration. Drink at least 2–3 litres of water daily. Symptoms of dehydration include dizziness, dark urine, and dry mouth. Seek medical attention if dehydration is suspected.

Rare but serious adverse effect, often secondary to severe dehydration or vomiting. Monitor kidney function (creatinine, eGFR) regularly, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease. Ensure adequate hydration.