Research Use Only - Not for human consumption. 18+ only.
BGrade BSmaller human trials, observational studies, or approved in 30+ countriesResearch OnlyResearch OnlyNo regulatory approval in any major jurisdiction; for research use onlySkin & Anti-AgingTopical

SS-31

Also known as: Elamipretide, MTP-131

Also known as Elamipretide, this mitochondrial-targeted peptide concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane to restore cellular energy production. Has cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.

Beginner Basics

Plain-English guide to SS-31

What it does

This peptide targets the energy-producing centers inside your cells (mitochondria) to help them work better and produce more energy. Researchers study it because it may protect heart and nerve tissue from damage and reduce cellular stress.

Typical dose

Researchers typically start with 0.25 mg and gradually increase up to 5 mg, given once daily as a subcutaneous injection (under the skin).

When to inject

You can inject at any time of day-timing doesn't matter for this one.

Storage

Keep the dry powder in a freezer at -20°C. Once you mix it with liquid, store it in a regular refrigerator (2-8°C) and keep it away from light.

First-timer tip

Start with the lowest dose (0.25 mg) and only increase it slowly based on how you feel and any side effects-this helps your body adjust and lets you find what works best for you.

Research Status

BGrade BSmaller human trials, observational studies, or approved in 30+ countriesResearch OnlyResearch OnlyNo regulatory approval in any major jurisdiction; for research use only

Moderate Clinical Data

For research purposes only. Not approved for human use. Not medical advice.

Research Areas

Restores mitochondrial energy production
Protects cardiac tissue from damage
Supports neuroprotection in neurological conditions
Reduces oxidative stress in cells
Improves cellular ATP synthesis
May enhance exercise tolerance
Supports recovery from ischemic injury

Side Effects

Injection site reactions
UncommonMild

Mild erythema, swelling, or discomfort at the injection site. Usually resolves within 24 hours. Minimize by rotating injection sites, allowing solution to reach room temperature, and using proper injection technique.

Headache
UncommonMild

Mild headache reported in some clinical trial participants. Typically transient and resolves without intervention. Ensure adequate hydration.

Nausea
RareMild

Mild nausea reported rarely in clinical trials. Usually self-resolving. Take with food if tolerated.

Fatigue
UncommonMild

Mild fatigue or tiredness reported in some users. May improve with continued use as mitochondrial function normalizes. Ensure adequate sleep and nutrition.

Dizziness
RareMild

Rare reports of mild dizziness. Sit or lie down if this occurs. Ensure adequate hydration and blood pressure monitoring.

Lipodystrophy
UncommonModerate

Localized fat loss or thickening at repeated injection sites. Prevent by rotating injection sites systematically with each dose. Space injections at least 1 inch apart.

Dosing Reference

ParameterValue
Dose range0.25-5 mg
Frequency, timing and route - members only

Research disclaimer

Figures drawn from published research literature and community logs. Not clinical recommendations. Consult a qualified professional. Research use only.

Reconstitution Guide

Do not use saline or bacteriostatic saline, use only bacteriostatic water for reconstitution

Do not shake the vial vigorously; gentle swirling prevents peptide degradation

Discard immediately if the solution appears cloudy, discolored, or contains visible particles

Use within 30 days of reconstitution when stored at 2-8°C

Do not freeze the reconstituted solution; freezing may denature the peptide

Use the PeptideVolt reconstitution calculator for your exact concentration

Use the PeptideVolt reconstitution calculator for your exact concentration

Molecular and Pharmacological Data

Molecular weight887.04 Da
Half-lifeApproximately 1-2 hours in plasma; tissue half-life longer due to mitochondrial accumulation
SequenceMembers only

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondrial-targeted peptide that crosses the blood-brain barrier and concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds to cardiolipin and restores electron transport chain function. By stabilizing the cardiolipin-cytochrome c complex, it reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhances ATP synthesis, thereby restoring cellular energy metabolism. This mechanism provides cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects in conditions characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.

Pathways and mechanism detail available to members

Track your SS-31 research

Free account. No credit card required.

Start Free

Browse the Research Library

40+ peptide profiles with mechanism summaries, dosing data, and reconstitution guides.

View all peptides

Research Use Only. All content on this page is provided for informational and educational purposes related to scientific research. SS-31 is not approved for human use by the FDA or any equivalent regulatory body. This is not medical advice. Do not use any substance discussed here for therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventative purposes. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions. The Peptide Volt does not endorse the use of any research chemicals. 18+ only.